It extended from jammu in the north to the narmada estuary in the south, and from the makran coast of baluchistan in the west to. Indus valley civilisation read this article to learn about the origin, evolution, and characteristic of the indus valley civilisation. Harshvardhan was himself great, but he has been made greater by ban and yuan chiang. The harappan culture was distinguished by its system of townplanning on the lines of the grid system that is streets and lanes cutting across one another almost at right angles thus dividing the city into several rectangular blocks. Indian history indus valley civilization early vedic civilization later vedic civilization buddhism jainism 16 mahajanapadas rise of magadha haryankadynasty sisunaga dynasty nandas alexander invasions on india mauryan empire sungas kanvas indogreeks guptas harshavardhana satavahanas sangam age kushanskanishka badami chalukyas kalyani. The most prevalent name is inuds civilization the largest concentration of settlementalong the indus river valley. Indus valley civilization, harappa and mohenjodaro, lothal kaliban and other sites 14 hrs. Mention important places from where relics of civilization have been recovered so far. The evidences say that this site developed in mature harappan phase. It mostly spread along the indus and the punjab region, extending into the ghaggarhakra river valley and the gangayamuna doab, surrounding most of what is now pakistan, the western states of modernday india, as well as extending into southeastern. Till then it was thought that south asia was first colonized by urban civilizations during the first millennium bce in the indogangetic plains by the people of the mahabharata. Indus valley civilization early vadic civilization later vadic civilization buddhism jainism early pandyas rise of magadha persiangreek invasions mauryan empire satavahanas cholas guptas kushanskanishka harsha vardhana pallavas badami chalukyas indian culture abroad rajputs muslim invasions delhi sultans kakatiyas vijayanagara empire later.
In every house there was a wellconstructed sink, and water flowed from the sink into the underground sewers in the streets. Craft a quick custom research paper with our help and make your tutors shocked let us help with your master thesis. Features of indus valley civilization from the ruins of the indus valley civilization, it can be deduced that the cities were incredibly wellplanned. The indus script also known as the harappan script is a corpus of symbols produced by the indus valley civilization. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with. The indus civilization represents the earliest manifestation of urban development in the plains of the indus valley and its extension along the arabian seacoast.
Indian polity by m laxmikanth book latest edition pdf download. However, the indus valley civilisation did not disappear suddenly, and many elements of the. Explain the town planning of the indus civilization or enumerate briefly the salient features of the indus civilization. Each of them has two prominent mounds where excavations took place. However, people find it very difficult when they read it for the first time but while giving the first reading try to remember the facts given in the book and then go through the revision so that it will store in your primary memory. The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the.
The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the fringes of western uttar pradesh. Civilization interpersonal violence, egypt, nal and actively involve harappa, where and explanation for students learning. Oct 30, 20 decline of the indus valley civilization. By 1800 bce, the indus valley civilization saw the beginning of their decline. Powered by create your own unique website with customizable templates. Each of them has two prominent mounds where excavations took.
This elaborate drainage system shows that the indus valley people were fully conversant with the principles of health and sanitation. All soak pits and drains were occasionally cleaned by workmen. Or simply the society, culture and lifestyle of people in a particular area. It is called harappan civilisation because this was discovered first in 1921 at the modern site of harappa, situated in. The indus river valley civilizations boundless world history. This post is a compilation of our most viewed notes on indian history, which we think our readers should not miss. Harappa was the first site of this civilization to be discovered. Culture is a principal mechanism to explore, integrate and assert the national identity of india which truly and certainly pluralistic. The indus valley civilisation began in 3250 bc and reached its extinction in 1500 bc, making it down in history as one of the worlds longest surviving civilisations.
Society in the indus valley civilization is said to have comprised of three distinct social groups. The indus civilization was spread across the indus valley river sindhu. Harappa, the first discovered site of this civilization was on bank of river ravi, while mohenjodaro was on banks of indus river. In addition, there was a canal systems built to provide a reliable water source for the growth of crops. Socio, cultural contribution of mauryas, guptas, pallavas, chalukyas, cholas art and architecture harsha and the rajput age. Various elements of the indus civilization are found in later cultures. Salient features of the harappan culture brainkart. However, the indus valley civilisation did not disappear suddenly, and many elements of the indus civilisation appear in later cultures.
One of the important aspects of the harappan civilization is its apparent. The indus river valley civilization was the first civilization to have running water and a sewage system. Readers can download each of the notes as pdf for free using the print pdf option. Discuss salient features of the indus valley civilization. The harappan civilization lasted for about one thousand years. The salient features of the indus valley civilization. Indus valley civilizationmcqsobjective type questions. After the decline of indus civilization, a new civilization grew which was dominated by the aryans and came to be known as the vedic civilization. The exhibition catalogue also documents selected objects in.
Explain the town planning of the indus civilization or. The indus valley civilization encompassed most of pakistan, extending from balochistan to sindh, and extending iddidiinto modern day indian states of gujarat, rajasthan, haryana, and punjab, with an upward reach to rupar on the upperon the upper sutlej. The indus river valley civilization, located in modern pakistan, was one of the. May 04, 2011 the only city in the indus valley civilization which does not have a citadel was chanhu daro, located some kilometers south of mohenjodaro.
A remarkable feature of the rediscovering harappa special exhibition is that it has been. Aegean area and greece, and in the indus valley by 2500 to 2000 b. The salient features of the indus valley civilization history. Causes of decline of the indus valley civilization introduction. To share with more than one person, separate addresses with a comma. Laxmikanth is one of the best books available on indian polity for cse preparation like upsc, ssc, state psc, etc. Isemester paper 1 title of the paper ancient indian history from indus valley to the kushanas marks.
The features of urban centers, 223 chapter 8 social and political organization, 245 introduction, 245. Writing started to disappear, standardized weights and measures used for trade and taxation purposes fell out of use, the connection with the near east was interrupted, and some cities were gradually abandoned. But early indus valley civilization had existed even before bc. Indus collapse, 396 glossary, 403 chronology, 419 resources for further study, 423 general, 423 history of discovery, 423 indus antecedents, 424 the indus civilization in south asian culture, 424 neighbors of the indus civilization, 424 the end of the indus civilization and the postharappan period, 425 economy, trade, and foreign relations, 425. Alamagirpur was the eastern boundary of the indus valley civilization. Farming settlements began around 4000 bce and around 3000 bce there appeared the first signs of urbanization. Here we give the ancient history study materials in the pdf format also. The mature indus civilization 2600 19001800 bce, 83 the posturban late harappan period 190018000 bce, 91. Archaeological evidence shows that many of the major cities of the harappan civilization, like harappa, mohenjodaro, and dholavira faced abandonment. Major cities during indus valley civilization source. The main objective of this article not to innovate new theories of the indus valley. Around the same time, the river valley civilizations flourished in many other parts of the world.
Salient features of the civilization bengalstudents. Indus river valley civilizations article khan academy. The indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is pakistan and northwest india today, on the fertile flood plain of the indus river and its vicinity. The cities of that period flourished mainly in the valley of the river indus. Salient features sansar lochan december 10, 2017 history of india 26 comments town planning is the unique feature of indus valley civilization. The continuous researches and excavations have revealed the extent of the indus valley civilization. Answer key pdf file indus valley civilization diversify the indus valley civilization. Most inscriptions containing these symbols are extremely short, making it difficult to judge whether or not these symbols constituted a script used to. What are the distinctive features of an indus valley. Religious developments in ancient india ancient history. Hence, it was called the indus valley civilization. However, one can see the various elements of the ancient indus valley civilization in later cultures.
Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. Farther south, along the main stem of the indus in sind province, the largely undisturbed. Apr 18, 2015 these discoveries call into question whether the civilizations nexus was in fact in the central indus valley of modern pakistan, which may have merely been better preserved due to the dry. There is evidence of dry river beds overlapping with the hakra channel. Town planning is the unique feature of indus valley civilization.
The culture associated with the harappan civilization is the. Civilization defined definition the stage of human social development and organization which is considered most advanced. Candidates can download the history study material pdf from our website. Distinction between indus civilization and vedic civilization.
The indus valley civilisation is named after the indus river system in whose alluvial plains the early sites of the civilisation were identified and excavated. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 29 indus valley close to mehrgarh but in a far away region of hakra basin in harappa around 3200 bc and seems to be an indigenous development. Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries. Harappa and mohenjodaro are 500 kms apart from each other. Study of growth of the indus civilisation by network analysis initially it is a random network.
Social and economic life of indus valley civilization. The indus or harappan culture arose in the northwestern part of the indian subcontinent. Indus valley civilization ancient history encyclopedia. May 04, 2011 the continuous researches and excavations have revealed the extent of the indus valley civilization. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature form from 2600 bce to 1900 bce. Together with ancient egypt and mesopotamia, it was one of three early civilisations of the near east and south asia, and of the three, the most widespread, its sites spanning an area stretching from. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. These, along with dholavira, are called the nucleus cities of the civilization. The earliest evidence for elements of hinduism is alleged to have been.
The indus valley civilization is the first known urban culture in india. Essay on indus valley civilization ross june 01, 2017. Write a essay on the salient features of indus valley civilization. The main objective of this article not to innovate new theories of the indus valley civilization, but to reexamine the all available data and write in a concise form for ease of understanding of. Isbn 9789231027192 the indus civilization diji cultural type that is widely spread as evidenced by the excavations at sarai kala, 12gumla, rahman dheri, 14 on the indus plain, near dera ismail khan, and several other placesinthepunjab. The indus river valley civilization, 33000 bce, also known as the. However, the initial hump suggests that it is a distributed scale invariant network with almost 3 strong nuclei and about 30 smaller nuclei. Indus valley civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in presentday india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq.
The four principal settlements so far excavated provide the material to reconstruct the cultural content of the civilization. The time period of mature indus valley civilization is estimated between bc. Download history mains question papers last 33 years. The social and economic life of the people of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was systematic and organised in this article we will discuss about the food, social dress, ornaments, house hold articles, amusements, trade, social class and structure, religion and funerary customs of the people of indus valley civilization. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 bce. Once they become large, they evolved into scale invariant behaviour.
The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of. The indus or harappan civilization was long forgotten till it was rediscovered in the late 19. Indus people were the first to build planned cities with scientific drainage system. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. As of 2019, over 1500 indus valley civilization sites have been discovered, of which 475 sites are in pakistan and 925 sites in india, while some sites in afghanistan are believed to be trading colonies. Features of the indus valley civilization indus valley. Describe the salient features of ancient egyptian civilization and provide an analysis of its. Check indian history notes category, if you want to read the complete archives. Indus valley civilization the indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is pakistan and northwest india today, on the fertile flood plain of the indus river and its vicinity. The salient features of the indus valley civilization are as follows. An excellent recent 2019 summary of what we know about ancient indus foods that were, likely and speculatively, derived from plant resources, and what implications these diverse discoveries over the years have for our understanding of ancient indus society. The term indus valley civilization was used by john mar. Hence, this is also called the harappan civilization. Farther south, along the main stem of the indus in sind province, the largely.
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